On Ngunnawal country, on the outskirts of what will become Canberra, people have been crafting canoes using skills passed down for thousands of years.
Canoe scar trees are left behind across the country, including around the banks of the Murrumbidgee River.
The large shape is cut out with a stone axe and levered out.
The bark is then fired up, making it watertight.
Canoes in this area are mainly used for crossing over waterways, rather than for transport up and down stream.
When travelling with children and having to hold tools and supplies, canoes can carry large quantities steadily across a river.
Ngunnawal people strip bark for different purposes.
They use it to make different-sized shields, some for inter-tribal conflicts, others that are the size of a person and used for camouflaging during hunting kangaroos, allowing them to get to a spear-throwing distance.
They also use it to make coolamons, vessels used by women to collect seeds or yam daisies and even carry to their babies.